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| Paul F. Fitzpatrick |
Paul F. Fitzpatrick, Professor
| Education: | BA, Biology, 1975, Harvard University PhD, Biological Chemistry, 1981, University of Michigan |
|---|---|
| Post Doctoral: | Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, 1982-1986 |
| Other Faculty Positions: | 2009-present, Department of Biochemistry, UTHSC, San Antonio 1996-2009, Professor, Departments of Biochemistry & Biophysics and of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 1992-1996, Associate Professor, Texas A&M University 1986-1992, Assistant Professor, Texas A&M University 1991-1996, Established Investigator, American Heart Association 2010, Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science |
| Web Page(s): | |
| Email: | fitzpatrick@biochem.uthscsa.edu |
| Phone: | 210-567-8264 |
| Room: | 5.206.4 AHB |
The Fitzpatrick laboratory studies the catalytic and regulatory mechanisms of enzymes. We have focused on two classes of enzymes, the tetrahydropterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylases and the flavoprotein oxidases.
The aromatic amino acid hydroxylases are non-heme iron enzymes critical for proper function of the central nervous system. Phenylalanine hydroxylase in the liver converts excess phenylalanine in the diet to tyrosine; a deficiency in this enzyme results in the genetic disease phenylketonuria. Tyrosine hydroxylase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of the catecholamine neurotransmitters, the formation of DOPA from tyrosine. Tryptophan hydroxylase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the formation of the neurotransmitter serotonin, the formation of 5-hydroxytryptophan from tryptophan. These three enzymes share a common catalytic mechanism in which the electrons from tetrahydrobiopterin and the active site iron are used to activate molecular oxygen. We are using a combination of kinetic, spectroscopic, and structural approaches to understand this reaction and identify intermediates in catalysis. We have obtained direct evidence for a Fe(IV)O hydroxylating intermediate that is capable of both electrophilic aromatic substitution and hydrogen atom abstraction. We are also studying the mechanisms by which interactions between the regulatory and catalytic domains of tyrosine and phenylalanine hydroxylase regulate the activity of these enzymes. Using a combination of structural approaches, we have shown that binding of catecholamines in the active site of tyrosine hydroxylase inhibits the enzyme by stabilizing a form in which the regulatory domain blocks the active site. Phosphorylation of Ser40 in the regulatory domain disrupts the interaction, allowing the inhibitor to diffuse out of the active site. Phenylalanine hydroxylase is allosterically regulated by its own substrate phenylalanine. We are interested in determining the structural basis for activation by phenylalanine and the effects of activation on specific steps in catalysis.
Flavoprotein oxidases and dehydrogenases are being studied to understand the strategies used by enzymes to cleave the unreactive carbon-hydrogen bond. A combination of rapid-reaction kinetics, isotope effects, and structural biology is used to determine structures of intermediates and transition states in the reactions. The results to date are consistent with oxidation of amino acids, alcohols, and hydroxy acids proceeding by hydride transfer, while oxidation of nitroalkanes involves proton transfer. We are extending these studies to amine oxidases and more complex flavoprotein-catalyzed reactions.
Selected publications:
- Pavon JA, Eser B, Huynh MT, Fitzpatrick PF
Single turnover kinetics of tryptophan hydroxylase: evidence for a new intermediate in the reaction of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases.
Biochemistry: 2010-09-07; 49(35); 7563-71
PMID: 20687613 - Tormos JR, Taylor AB, Daubner SC, Hart PJ, Fitzpatrick PF
Identification of a hypothetical protein from Podospora anserina as a nitroalkane oxidase.
Biochemistry: 2010-06-22; 49(24); 5035-41
PMID: 20481475 - Eser BE, Fitzpatrick PF
Measurement of Intrinsic Rate Constants in the Tyrosine Hydroxylase Reaction.
Biochemistry: 2009-12-31; (); Epub: 2009-12-31.
PMID: 20025246 - Fitzpatrick PF
Oxidation of amines by flavoproteins.
Arch Biochem Biophys: 2009-08-03; (); Epub: 2009-08-03.
PMID: 19651103 - Wang S, Sura GR, Dangott LJ, Fitzpatrick PF
Identification by hydrogen/deuterium exchange of structural changes in tyrosine hydroxylase associated with regulation.
Biochemistry: 2009-06-09; 48(22); 4972-9
PMID: 19371093