Pathogenic
conversion is a process by which non-pathogenic strains acquire
a virulence gene, such as a toxin, and become converted to pathogens.
In many cases a temperate bacteriophage
has been found to have transferred the virulence gene.
Examples of toxin genes and virulence
factors spread by bacteriophages include:
-
Cholera toxin
-
Diptheria toxin
-
Pyrogenic toxins A and C in group
A Streptococcus (Scarlet fever)
-
Shiga-like toxins in E. coli
-
neurotoxin in Clostridium botulinum
-
Panton-Valentine leukocidin - a
virulence factor in Staph infection.
-
cytolysin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
With respect to marine
bacteriophage VpV262, the host species, Vibrio parahaemolyticus,
infects shellfish and has exhibited pathogenic conversion to a form causing
an epidemic of food-poisoning around the Pacific rim.
See Narita
et al. 2001 and references therein for conversion in general.
See Chang
et al. 2002 for conversion in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.